Rukunin ɓangarorin nano masu girman gaske suna haɓaka tasirin fenti na kariya, sutura, kayan kwalliya da waxes don ƙarfe.
Yin amfani da nanosheets na graphene don inganta haɓaka aiki sabon abu ne amma yankin aikace-aikacen haɓaka cikin sauri a cikin masana'antar fenti.
Duk da yake amfani da su a cikin samfuran kariya na ƙarfe ya zama sababbi-kawai da aka yi ciniki a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata-graphene nanosheets (NNPs) an tabbatar da cewa suna da babban tasiri a kan kaddarorin kayan kwalliya, sutura, fenti, waxes, har ma da mai.Ko da yake na hali matsa lamba iko rabo ya bambanta daga 'yan goma goma zuwa 'yan kashi, daidai Bugu da kari na GNP zai zama multifunctional ƙari wanda zai iya ƙwarai mika rayuwar sabis da karko na shafi, inganta sinadaran juriya, lalata juriya, hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya da abrasion. juriya.;har ma yana taimakawa saman don cire ruwa da datti cikin sauƙi.Bugu da ƙari, GNPs sukan yi aiki a matsayin masu haɗin gwiwa, suna taimaka wa sauran abubuwan kari suyi aiki sosai a ƙananan ƙididdiga ba tare da sadaukar da tasiri ba.An riga an yi amfani da nanosheets na Graphene don kasuwanci a cikin samfuran kariya na ƙarfe da suka kama daga injin ɗin mota, feshi da waxes zuwa filaye da fenti waɗanda masu kera motoci ke amfani da su, ƴan kwangilar gini har ma da masu siye.Ƙarin aikace-aikacen (irin su magungunan ruwa na ruwa / anticorrosive primers da fenti) an ruwaito suna cikin matakan gwaji na ƙarshe kuma ana sa ran za a sayar da su a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa.
Masu bincike a Jami'ar Manchester (Manchester, UK) su ne na farko da suka ware graphene mai Layer Layer a cikin 2004, wanda aka ba su kyautar Nobel ta 2010 a Physics.Graphene nanosheets - nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i na graphene da ake samu daga dillalai daban-daban tare da kauri daban-daban da matsakaicin girma - su ne lebur / scaly nanosized 2D siffofin carbon.Kamar sauran nanoparticles, ikon GNPs don canzawa da haɓaka kaddarorin samfuran macroscopic kamar fina-finai na polymer, filastik / sassa masu haɗaka, sutura, har ma da kankare gaba ɗaya ba su kai girman girman su ba.Misali, lebur, faffadan sirarin joometry na abubuwan GNP sun sa su dace don samar da ingantaccen ɗaukar hoto ba tare da ƙara kauri ba.Sabanin haka, tasirin su wajen inganta aikin sutura sau da yawa yana nufin cewa ana buƙatar ƙarancin abin rufewa ko kuma ana iya amfani da suturar bakin ciki.Hakanan kayan GNP yana da yanki mai tsayi sosai (2600 m2/g).Lokacin da aka tarwatsa yadda ya kamata, za su iya inganta ƙaƙƙarfan katangar shinge na sutura zuwa sinadarai ko iskar gas, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen kariya daga lalata da iskar shaka.Bugu da kari, daga tribological ra'ayi, suna da low surface karfi, wanda ke taimakawa wajen inganta lalacewa juriya da zamewa coefficient, wanda taimaka wajen ba da shafi mafi kyau karce juriya da kuma tunkude datti, ruwa, microorganisms, algae, da dai sauransu La'akari da wadannan. Properties, yana da sauƙi a gane dalilin da ya sa ko da kananan adadin GNP Additives iya zama haka tasiri a inganta kaddarorin na sararin tsararru na kayayyakin da masana'antu ke amfani da kowace rana.
Ko da yake su, kamar sauran nanoparticles, suna da babban damar, ware da tarwatsa graphene nanosheets a cikin wani nau'i da za a iya amfani da fenti developers ko ma robobi formulators ba sauki.Ƙaddamar da manyan tara nanoparticles don ingantaccen tarwatsawa (da tarwatsawa a cikin samfurori masu tsayayye) don amfani a cikin robobi, fina-finai, da sutura ya tabbatar da ƙalubale.
Kamfanonin GNP na kasuwanci yawanci suna ba da nau'ikan halittu daban-daban (Layer-Layer, Multi-Layer, matsakaicin matsakaici daban-daban kuma, a wasu lokuta, tare da ƙarin aikin sinadarai) da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halitta (Layer-Layer, Multi-Layer, Multi-Layer) tushen] watsawa don tsarin polymer daban-daban).Masu masana'antun da suka fi ci gaba a cikin tallace-tallace sun ce sun yi aiki tare tare da masu samar da fenti don nemo mafi kyawun haɗin kaddarorin a mafi kyawun ƙimar dilution don haɓaka ingancin fenti ba tare da yin tasiri ga sauran mahimman kaddarorin ba.A ƙasa akwai wasu kamfanoni da za su iya tattauna aikin su a fannin kariya ga karafa.
Kayayyakin kula da mota sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci aikace-aikacen graphene a cikin masana'antar fenti.Hoto: Surf Kariya Solutions LLC
Ɗayan aikace-aikacen kasuwanci na farko na samfuran kariyar ƙarfe na graphene yana cikin datsa mota.Ko ana amfani da su a cikin kayan ruwa, aerosol, ko kakin zuma, waɗannan samfuran kula da motoci masu girma za a iya amfani da su kai tsaye zuwa fenti ko chrome na mota, haɓaka sheki da zurfin hoto (DOI), yin motoci cikin sauƙin tsaftacewa, da kiyaye tsabtacewa da faɗaɗa kaddarorin.kariya ya fi na al'ada samfurori.Kayayyakin haɓakar GNP, wasu daga cikinsu ana siyar da su kai tsaye ga masu siye, wasu kuma ana siyar da su kawai ga kayan kwalliya, suna yin gogayya da samfuran yumbu (oxide) da aka wadatar (mai ɗauke da silica, titanium dioxide, ko cakuda duka biyun).Kayayyakin da ke ɗauke da GNP suna da mafi girman aiki da farashi mafi girma yayin da suke ba da fa'idodi da yawa waɗanda rufin yumbu ba zai iya bayarwa ba.Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi na Graphene yana watsar da zafi yadda ya kamata - abin farin ciki ga samfuran da ake amfani da su a cikin hoods da ƙafafun - kuma babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana watsar da cajin da ba daidai ba, yana sa ƙura ta tsaya.Tare da babban kusurwar lamba (digiri 125), kayan kwalliyar GNP suna gudana da sauri da inganci, rage wuraren ruwa.Kyawawan kaddarorin abrasive da shinge sun fi kare fenti daga karce, haskoki UV, sunadarai, iskar shaka da warping.Babban fayyace yana ba da damar samfuran tushen GNP su riƙe kyalli, kamanni mai haske wanda ya shahara sosai a wannan sashin.
Surface Protective Solutions LLC (SPS) na Grafton, Wisconsin, mai ƙirƙira tare da ƙaƙƙarfan tushe a cikin wannan ɓangaren kasuwa, yana siyar da murfin graphene mai ɗorewa mai ɗorewa wanda ke ɗaukar shekaru kuma yana siyar da fenti mai ingantaccen ruwa mai graphene.Magani don saurin taɓawa wanda ke ɗaukar watanni da yawa.Duk samfuran biyu a halin yanzu suna samuwa ga kwararrun kwararrun masana ilimin kimiya da lasisi, kodayake akwai shirye-shiryen bayar da kayan kwalliya da sauran samfuran kulawa kai tsaye ga masu siye a nan gaba.Aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya sun haɗa da motoci, manyan motoci, da babura, tare da wasu samfuran da aka ce sun kusa sayar da gidaje da jiragen ruwa.(SPS kuma tana ba da samfurin antimony/tin oxide wanda ke ba da kariya ta UV a saman.)
Shugaban SPS Brett Welsien ya ce: "Kakin gargajiya na gargajiya na carnauba da masu rufewa na iya kare fenti daga makonni zuwa watanni.""Rubutun yumbu, waɗanda aka gabatar wa kasuwa a tsakiyar 2000s, suna samar da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi ga ma'aunin kuma suna ba da shekaru na UV da juriya na sinadarai, saman tsabtace kai, juriya mai zafi da haɓaka haɓaka mai sheki.Duk da haka, raunin su shine tabo na ruwa.fenti da smudges da namu gwaje-gwajen da namu gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa ana haifar da mummunan canjin zafi da sauri zuwa 2015 lokacin da aka fara bincike kan graphene azaman ƙari A cikin 2018 mu ne kamfani na farko a Amurka don ƙaddamar da ƙarar fenti a hukumance a cikin tsari. na haɓaka samfuran kamfanin bisa GNP, masu bincike sun gano cewa tabo na ruwa da tabo na sama (saboda hulɗa da zubar da tsuntsaye, ruwan itace, kwari da sinadarai masu tsauri) sun ragu da matsakaicin 50%, da kuma ingantaccen juriya na abrasion. zuwa ƙananan ƙididdiga na gogayya.
Applied Graphene Materials plc (AGM, Redcar, UK) kamfani ne da ke ba da tarwatsawar GNP ga abokan ciniki da yawa masu haɓaka samfuran kula da mota.Mai sana'ar graphene mai shekaru 11 ya bayyana kansa a matsayin jagorar duniya a cikin haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen tarwatsawar GNP a cikin sutura, abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da kayan aiki.A gaskiya ma, AGM ya ba da rahoton cewa masana'antar fenti da sutura a halin yanzu suna da 80% na kasuwancinta, wataƙila saboda yawancin membobin ƙungiyar fasaha sun fito ne daga masana'antar fenti da sutura, wanda ke taimaka wa AGM fahimtar abubuwan zafi na masu tarawa biyu kuma a ƙarshe , masu amfani..
Halo Autocare Ltd. (Stockport, UK) yana amfani da tarwatsawar GNP na GNP na AGM a cikin samfuran EZ guda biyu na kula da kakin zuma.An sake shi a cikin 2020, graphene wax don bangarori na jiki ya haɗu da T1 carnauba wax, beeswax, da man goro tare da polymers, wakilan wetting, da GNP don canza yanayin ruwa na saman da samar da kariya ta dogon lokaci, kyawawan beads na ruwa da fina-finai, ƙananan datti, mai sauƙin tsaftacewa, yana kawar da zubar da tsuntsaye kuma yana rage yawan ruwa.Graphene Alloy Wheel Wax yana da duk waɗannan fa'idodin, amma an tsara shi musamman don yanayin zafi mai girma, ƙãra lalacewa akan ƙafafun da tukwici.Ana ƙara GNP zuwa tushen babban zafin jiki na microcrystalline waxes, mai na roba, polymers da tsarin guduro masu warkewa.Halo ya ce dangane da amfani, samfurin zai kare ƙafafun na tsawon watanni 4-6.
James Briggs Ltd. (Salmon Fields, UK), wanda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin sinadarai na gida na Turai, wani abokin ciniki AGM ne da ke amfani da tarwatsawar GNP don haɓaka Hycote graphene anti-corrosion primer.Fashin iska mai saurin bushewa wanda ba shi da Zinc yana da kyakkyawan mannewa ga karafa da robobi kuma mutane kamar shagunan jiki da masu siye suna amfani da su don dakatar ko hana lalata saman ƙarfe da shirya waɗancan saman don yin zane da sutura.Fim ɗin yana ba da fiye da sa'o'i 1750 na kariyar lalata daidai da ASTM G-85, Shafi 5, da kyawawan kaddarorin shinge da sassauci ba tare da fashewa ba a cikin gwajin mazugi (ASTM D-522).rayuwa ta farko.AGM ta ce ta yi aiki kafada da kafada tare da abokan ciniki yayin aiwatar da tsarin haɓaka ƙima don haɓaka kaddarorin da aka ƙara ƙima yayin iyakance tasirin farashin samfur.
Lambobi da nau'ikan samfuran kula da motoci masu haɓaka GNP akan kasuwa suna girma cikin sauri.A zahiri, kasancewar graphene ana ɗaukarsa azaman babban fa'idar aiki kuma an nuna shi akan ginshiƙi samfurin.|James Briggs Ltd. (hagu), Halo Autocare Ltd. (a sama dama) da Surface Protective Solutions LLCSurface Kariya Solutions LLC (kasa dama)
Rigunan rigakafin lalata yanki ne mai girma na aikace-aikacen GNP, inda nanoparticles na iya tsawaita tazara na kulawa sosai, rage lalacewar lalata, tsawaita kariyar garanti, da rage farashin sarrafa kadari.|Hershey Coatings Co., Ltd. girma
Ana ƙara yin amfani da GNPs a cikin suturar rigakafin lalata da kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata a cikin yanayi masu wahala (C3-C5).Adrian Potts, Shugaba na AGM, ya yi bayanin: "Lokacin da aka haɗa shi da kyau a cikin kaushi-ko kayan shafa na ruwa, graphene na iya ba da kyawawan kaddarorin rigakafin lalata da haɓaka haɓakar lalata."tasiri ta hanyar tsawaita rayuwar kadarorin, rage mita da farashin kula da kadari, da samfuran tushen ruwa ko samfuran da ke ɗauke da ƙarin ƙari mai guba kamar zinc ba a buƙatar ko amfani da su.fannin mayar da hankali da dama a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa.Ya kara da cewa "lalata abu ne babba, tsatsa ba abu ne mai dadi sosai ba saboda yana wakiltar lalacewar kadarorin abokin ciniki, matsala ce mai girma," in ji shi.
Wani abokin ciniki na AGM wanda ya yi nasarar ƙaddamar da kayan aikin feshin iska shine Halfords Ltd. da ke Washington, UK, babban mai siyar da kayan aikin Biritaniya da Irish na motoci, kayan aiki, kayan sansanin da kekuna.Kamfanin graphene anti-corrosion primer ba shi da tutiya, wanda ya sa ya fi dacewa da muhalli.An ce yana da ingantacciyar mannewa zuwa saman ƙarfe wanda ya haɗa da ƙarfe mai laushi, aluminum da Zintec, cika ƙananan ƙarancin ƙasa kuma bushe a cikin mintuna 3-4 zuwa ƙarshen matte ɗin sandal a cikin mintuna 20 kawai.Hakanan ya wuce sa'o'i 1,750 na feshin gishiri da gwajin mazugi ba tare da fashe ba.A cewar Halfords, firam ɗin yana da kyakkyawan juriya na sag, yana ba da damar zurfin rufi, kuma yana ba da kyawawan kaddarorin shinge don haɓaka rayuwar rufin.Bugu da ƙari, firam ɗin yana da kyakkyawar dacewa tare da sabon ƙarni na fenti na tushen ruwa.
Alltimes Coatings Ltd. daga Stroud, UK, ƙwararre a kan lalata rufin ƙarfe, yana amfani da tarwatsawar AGM a cikin tsarin rufin ruwa mai amfani na Graphene don gine-ginen masana'antu da kasuwanci.Samfurin yana ƙara ƙaramin nauyi na rufin, yanayi ne da juriya na UV, ba tare da kaushi ba, mahaɗar ƙwayoyin halitta masu canzawa (VOCs) da isocyanates.Layer ɗaya kawai ana amfani da shi a kan shimfidar da aka shirya da kyau, tsarin yana da juriya mai tasiri da haɓaka mai girma, ingantaccen haɓakawa kuma babu raguwa bayan warkewa.Ana iya shafa shi akan kewayon zafin jiki na 3-60°C/37-140°F kuma a sake maimaita shi.Haɗin graphene yana haɓaka juriya na lalata sosai, kuma samfurin ya wuce gwajin feshin gishiri tsaka tsaki na awanni 10,000 (ISO9227:2017), yana ƙara rayuwar garanti ta Autotech daga shekaru 20 zuwa 30.Duk da ƙirƙirar shinge mai tasiri sosai akan ruwa, oxygen da gishiri, murfin microporous yana numfashi.Don sauƙaƙe horon gine-gine, Alltimes ya ƙirƙira wani tsari na ci gaba da haɓaka ƙwararru (CPD).
Blocksil Ltd. daga Lichfield, UK, ya bayyana kansa a matsayin kamfani mai lambar yabo wanda ke samar da ingantaccen makamashi da mafita na ceton aiki ga abokan ciniki a cikin masana'antar kera motoci, dogo, gini, makamashi, masana'antar ruwa da sararin samaniya.Blocksil ya yi aiki kafada da kafada tare da AGM don haɓaka sabon ƙarni na MT anti-corrosion coatings tare da graphene-ƙarfafa saman Layer don tsarin karfe a bude da kuma lalatattun wurare.Akwai shi a cikin launuka iri-iri, VOC da sauran ƙarfi kyauta, tsarin gashi ɗaya yana da juriya sosai kuma ya zarce sa'o'i 11,800 na gwajin feshin gishiri na tsaka tsaki don 50% ƙarin ƙarfi fiye da samfuran baya.A kwatancen, Blocksil ya ce polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba yana ɗaukar awoyi 500 a wannan gwajin, yayin da fentin epoxy yana ɗaukar awanni 250-300.Kamfanin ya kuma ce ana iya shafa fentin a jikin karfe mai danshi kuma yana hana shigar ruwa jim kadan bayan shafa.An kwatanta shi da cewa yana da juriya, zai yi tsatsa muddin aka cire tarkace kuma ta warke ba tare da zafi na waje ba don haka za a iya amfani da shi a filin.Rufin yana da kewayon aikace-aikacen da yawa daga 0 zuwa 60 ° C / 32-140 ° F kuma ya wuce gwaje-gwajen wuta mai ƙarfi (BS476-3: 2004, CEN / TS1187: 2012-Test 4 (ciki har da EN13501-5: 2016-gwajin 4) 4)) suna da juriya na rubutu kuma suna da kyakkyawan UV da juriya na yanayi.An ba da rahoton cewa an yi amfani da rufin a kan mats na ƙaddamarwa a RTÉ (Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Dublin, Ireland) da kuma kan tauraron dan adam sadarwa a Avanti Communications Group plc (London) da kuma kan layin dogo mai sassauƙa da layi daya (SSP), inda ya wuce EN45545 -2:2013, R7 zuwa HL3.
Wani kamfani da ke amfani da kayan da aka ƙarfafa GNP don kare ƙarfe shine mai samar da motoci na duniya Martinrea International Inc. (Toronto), wanda ke amfani da graphene-reinforced polyamide (PA, wanda ake kira nailan) motocin fasinja.(Saboda kyawawan kaddarorinsa na thermoplastic, mai ba da kayayyaki na Montreal GNP NanoXplore Inc. ya ba da Martinrea tare da duk abin da aka haɗa GNP/PA.) An ba da rahoton samfurin ya rage nauyi da kashi 25 cikin ɗari kuma yana ba da kariya mafi girma, haɓaka ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da ingantaccen sinadarai. kariya.juriya baya buƙatar kowane canje-canje ga kayan aikin samarwa ko matakai.Martinrea ya lura cewa ingantacciyar aikin suturar na iya tsawaita aikace-aikacensa zuwa nau'ikan abubuwan kera motoci, musamman motocin lantarki.
Tare da kammala gwaje-gwaje na dogon lokaci da yawa, kariyar lalata ruwa da hana lalata na iya zama muhimmin aikace-aikacen GNP.Ana gwada Graphene additive Talga Group Ltd. a halin yanzu a cikin ainihin yanayin teku akan manyan jiragen ruwa guda biyu.Daya daga cikin tasoshin ya kammala binciken watanni 15 kuma an ce sassan da aka lullube da GNP da aka karfafa su sun nuna kwatankwacin ko mafi kyawun sakamako fiye da samfuran asali ba tare da ƙarfafawa ba, wanda ya riga ya nuna alamun lalata.|Targa Group Co., Ltd. girma
Yawancin masu haɓaka fenti da masana'antun graphene sun yi aiki tuƙuru wajen haɓaka suturar lalata / hana lalata ga masana'antar ruwa.Bisa la’akari da dogon gwajin da ake bukata domin samun amincewa a wannan fanni, galibin kamfanonin da muka zanta da su sun nuna cewa har yanzu kayayyakin na su na cikin tsarin gwaji da tantancewa da kuma yarjejeniyoyin da ba a bayyana su ba (NDA) ke hana su tattauna ayyukan da suke yi a wannan fanni. filin.kowannensu ya bayyana cewa gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar har zuwa yau sun nuna fa'idodi masu yawa daga hada GNP cikin hanyoyin ruwa.
Ɗaya daga cikin kamfani da ya kasa yin ƙarin bayani game da aikinsa shine 2D Materials Pte na tushen Singapore.Ltd., wanda ya fara samar da GNP akan sikelin lab a cikin 2017 da sikelin kasuwanci a bara.Kayan sa na graphene an kera su ne musamman don masana'antar fenti, kuma kamfanin ya ce yana aiki tare da manyan manyan masu samar da maganin lalata ruwa tun daga shekarar 2019 don haɓaka fenti da riguna ga fannin.Har ila yau, 2D Materials ya ce yana aiki tare da wani babban kamfanin karafa don sanya graphene a cikin mai da ake amfani da shi don kare karafa yayin jigilar kaya da kuma adanawa.A cewar Chwang Chie Fu, kwararre a cikin aikace-aikacen kayan 2D, "graphene yana da babban tasiri a kan kayan aiki."“Alal misali, don rigakafin lalata a cikin masana'antar ruwa, zinc na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan sinadarai.Ana iya amfani da Graphene don rage ko maye gurbin zinc a cikin waɗannan suturar.Ƙara ƙasa da 2% graphene na iya haɓaka rayuwar waɗannan suturar, wanda ke nufin hakan ya sa ya zama kyakkyawan ra'ayi mai ƙima wanda ke da wuya a ƙi.
Talga Group Ltd. (Perth, Ostiraliya), wani baturi anode da graphene kamfanin kafa a 2010, ya sanar a farkon wannan shekara cewa ta Talcoat graphene ƙari ga primers ya nuna tabbatacce sakamako a hakikanin duniya gwaje-gwajen teku.An ƙirƙira abin ƙari na musamman don amfani a cikin suturar ruwa don haɓaka juriya na lalata, rage asarar fenti a cikin yanayin muhallin ruwa da haɓaka aiki ta haɓaka tazarar bushewa.Musamman ma, ana iya shigar da wannan busassun kayan da za a iya tarwatsawa a cikin sutura a cikin wurin, wanda ke wakiltar babban ci gaban kasuwanci na samfuran GNP, waɗanda galibi ana kawo su azaman tarwatsawar ruwa don tabbatar da haɗawa mai kyau.
A cikin 2019, ƙari an haɗa shi tare da fakitin epoxy mai fakiti biyu daga babban mai siyar da kayan shafa kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin babban jirgin ruwa mai girman 700m²/7535ft² a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwajin teku don kimanta aikin rufin a cikin matsanancin yanayin ruwa.(Don samar da tushe na gaskiya, an yi amfani da na'ura mai lakabin gargajiya a wani wuri don bambanta kowane samfurin. Dukansu na farko an sanya su a saman.) A lokacin, an ɗauki wannan aikace-aikacen a matsayin aikace-aikacen graphene mafi girma a duniya.Jirgin ya yi bincike na tsawon watanni 15 kuma sassan da aka lullube da GNP da aka ba da rahoto sun yi daidai ko mafi kyau fiye da tushe ba tare da ƙarfafawa ba, wanda ya riga ya nuna alamun lalata.Gwaji na biyu ya haɗa da samun mai amfani da fenti ya haxa abin da ake ƙara GNP foda a wurin tare da wani fakitin epoxy fenti daga wani babban mai siyar da fenti sannan a fesa shi a wani yanki mai mahimmanci na babban akwati.Har yanzu ana ci gaba da shari'a biyu.Talga ya lura cewa takunkumin balaguron balaguro da ke da alaƙa ya ci gaba da shafar balaguron ƙasa, yana jinkirta labarai kan yadda ɗaukar hoto ke aiki akan jirgin na biyu.Ƙarfafawa da waɗannan sakamakon, an ce Talga yana haɓaka suturar ruwa mai lalata ruwa, maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙarfe da robobi, maganin lalata don sassa na ƙarfe mai girma, da shinge na shinge na filastik.
Aikin ci gaban GNP wanda aka sanar a cikin Maris ta Advanced Materials Research Laboratory Toray Industries, Inc. (Tokyo), ya ja hankalin masu haɓaka ƙirar ƙira, gami da ƙirƙirar ultrafine watsawa graphene mafita, wanda aka ce yana nuna kyakkyawan ruwa.High conductivity hade da high lantarki da kuma thermal watsin.Makullin ci gaba shine amfani da polymer na musamman (wanda ba a bayyana sunansa ba) wanda aka ce yana sarrafa danko ta hanyar hana tattara nanosheets na graphene, don haka warware matsalar dadewa na ƙirƙirar tarwatsawar GNP sosai.
Idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada GNP dispersions, Toray ta sabon high-ruwa samfurin, wanda ya ƙunshi wani musamman polymer cewa iko danko ta hana graphene nanoparticle tarawa, samar sosai mayar da hankali, matsananci-lafiya GNP dispersions tare da high thermal da lantarki watsin da kuma ƙara fluidity ga sauƙi na handling da kuma. hadawa.|Torey Industries Co., Ltd.
"Grafene mai bakin ciki yana kula da tarawa cikin sauƙi, wanda ke rage yawan ruwa kuma yana sa shi da wuya a yi amfani da kayan da aka haɗa da tarwatsawa," in ji mai binciken Toray Eiichiro Tamaki."Don guje wa matsala mai mannewa, nanoplates yawanci ana diluted a cikin ƙaramin bayani mai zurfi.Duk da haka, wannan yana sa ya zama da wahala a sami isasshen maida hankali don cin gajiyar graphene. "ultra-lafiya GNP tarwatsawa da ƙara yawan ruwa don sauƙin sarrafawa da haɗawa.An ce aikace-aikacen farko sun haɗa da batura, da’irori na lantarki don bugu, da kuma abin rufe fuska don hana ruwa da iskar oxygen shiga.Kamfanin yana bincike da kera graphene tsawon shekaru 10 kuma ya yi iƙirarin haɓaka fasahar watsawa don yin graphene mafi araha.Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa nau'in polymer na musamman yana shafar duka nanosheets da kansu da kuma matsakaicin watsawa, Tamaki ya lura, yana mai cewa yana aiki da kyau musamman tare da kaushi mai ƙarfi.
Idan aka yi la'akari da duk fa'idodin da GNP ke bayarwa, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa sama da 2,300 masu alaƙa da GNP an bayar da su ga 'yan kasuwa da masu ilimi.Masana sun yi hasashen samun ci gaba sosai ga wannan fasaha, suna mai cewa zai shafi masana'antu sama da 45, ciki har da fenti da fenti.An kawar da wasu muhimman abubuwan da ke hana haɓaka girma.Na farko, damuwa game da muhalli, lafiya da aminci (EHS) na iya zama matsala ga sabbin nanoparticles kamar yadda aka sami sauƙin amincewar tsari (misali tsarin Tarayyar Turai REACH (Rijista, kimantawa, izini da ƙuntataccen sinadarai).Bugu da kari, da yawa masu kaya sun gwada kayan ƙarfafa GNP don ƙarin fahimtar abin da ke faruwa lokacin fesa.Masu yin Graphene suna saurin nuna cewa saboda GNP an yi shi daga graphite na ma'adinai da ke faruwa a zahiri, tsarin su ya fi dacewa da muhalli fiye da sauran abubuwan da ake buƙata.Kalubale na biyu shine samun isasshe a farashi mai araha, amma ana kuma magance wannan yayin da masana'antun ke fadada tsarin samar da su.
Tarek Jalloul na Lead Carbon Technologies, wani aikin fasaha na NanoXplore ya ce "Babban abin da ke hana shigar da graphene a cikin masana'antar shine ikon samar da masana'antun graphene, tare da tsadar kayan tarihi na tarihi."“Ana shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin guda biyu kuma samfuran haɓaka graphene suna shiga cikin yanayin kasuwanci yayin da wutar lantarki da tazarar farashin ke raguwa.Alal misali, an kafa kamfani na a cikin 2011 kuma yanzu zai iya samar da 4,000 t / t a kowace shekara, bisa ga IDTechEx Research (Boston), mu ne manyan masana'antun graphene a duniya.Sabbin kayan aikin mu na sarrafa kansa gabaɗaya kuma yana da tsari na yau da kullun wanda za'a iya maimaita shi cikin sauƙi idan ana buƙatar faɗaɗawa.Wani babban shinge ga aikace-aikacen masana'antu na graphene shine rashin amincewar tsari, amma wannan yana faruwa yanzu. "
Velzin ya kara da cewa "Kaddarorin da graphene ke bayarwa na iya yin babban tasiri a kan masana'antar fenti da fenti."Yayin da graphene yana da farashi mafi girma a kowace gram fiye da sauran abubuwan da ake amfani da su, ana amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan adadi kuma yana ba da fa'idodi masu kyau wanda farashin dogon lokaci yana da araha.raya graphene ?rufi??
"Wannan kayan yana aiki kuma za mu iya nuna yana da kyau sosai," in ji Potts."Ƙara graphene zuwa girke-girke, ko da a cikin ƙananan adadi, na iya samar da kaddarorin canji."
Peggy Malnati is a regular contributor to PF’s sister publications CompositesWorld and MoldMaking Technology magazines and maintains contact with clients through her regional office in Detroit. pmalnati@garpub.com
Ana amfani da abin rufe fuska a yawancin ayyukan gamawa na ƙarfe inda kawai wasu wurare na saman ɓangaren ke buƙatar sarrafa su.Madadin haka, ana iya amfani da abin rufe fuska a saman da ba a buƙatar magani ko ya kamata a guji.Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa na abin rufe fuska na ƙarfe, gami da aikace-aikace, dabaru, da nau'ikan abin rufe fuska da ake amfani da su.
Ingantacciyar mannewa, ƙãra lalata da juriya na blister, da rage hulɗar shafi tare da sassa na buƙatar riga-kafi.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-28-2022